Adjust the composition of livestock diets to reduce the total intake of N and P per unit of production. Recent research has shown that animal feed can be formulated to reduce nitrogen (N) and
phosphorus (P) excretion without reducing animal performance (Utah State University Cooperative Extension, 2010; Shields and Orme-Evans, 2015) . The ideal protein concept is a feeding method in which crude protein levels are reduced and amino acids are supplemented in order to reduce N excretion. For reduction of P excretion, adding phytase to the diet has been shown to increase P availability to hogs and chickens.